THE GLOBAL SYSTEM HAS BEEN COLLAPSED
THE GLOBAL ECONOMICAL SYSTEM HAS ALREADY BEEN COLLAPSED SINCE A LONG TIME AGO BEFORE NOW DAY'S BANKRUPTCY.THE IDEOLOGICAL SCHEMES OF THAT SYSTEM WHICH IS BASED IN COMMUNISTIC AND CAPITALISTIC IDEAS HAVE BEEN CORRUPTED AFTER THEY SERVED HUMANITY AND HELPED ITS DEVELOPMENT UP TO A SPECIFIC STAGE AND LEVEL.
WE MUST TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THAT IT IS THE FIRST TIME AFTER THOUSANDS OF YEARS WHERE GOLD AND SILVER AREN'T THE BASIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES AND INTERNAL ECONOMIES OF THE STATES.MAYBE THAT IS RIGHT ,MAYBE NOT,WE SHALL SEE,BUT WHAT IT IS FOR SURE,IS THAT A NEW MODEL (WHICH IS ALREADY PRESENTED TO THE PUBLIC BY PROGRESSIVE TEAMS) MUST BE IMPLEMENTED THE SOONEST POSSIBLE IN ORDER DISSOLUTION PHENOMENA TO BE AVOIDED IN OUR GLOBAL SOCIETY...
BUT THE MAIN QUESTION STILL REMAINS "ON WHAT BASIC VALUES ARE THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE WORLD GOING TO CUT PAPER MONEY,APART FROM THE INDEXES,PARAMETERS,ELECTRONIC VALUES ETC ? WHERE ARE THEY GOING TO BE BASED ON ? "
ANGELOS CHARLAFTIS
Roubini Predicts U.S. Losses May Reach $3.6 Trillion
Jan. 20 (Bloomberg) -- U.S. financial losses from the credit crisis may reach $3.6 trillion, suggesting the banking system is “effectively insolvent,” said New York University Professor Nouriel Roubini, who predicted last year’s economic crisis.
“I’ve found that credit losses could peak at a level of $3.6 trillion for U.S. institutions, half of them by banks and broker dealers,” Roubini said at a conference in Dubai today. “If that’s true, it means the U.S. banking system is effectively insolvent because it starts with a capital of $1.4 trillion. This is a systemic banking crisis.”
Losses and writedowns at financial companies worldwide have risen to more than $1 trillion since the U.S. subprime mortgage market collapsed in 2007, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
President Barack Obama will have to use as much as $1 trillion of public funds ...
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Labels: macroeconomy
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Alpine Schadenfreude
Not surprisingly, the atmosphere at this year’s World Economic Forum was grim. Those who think that globalization, technology, and the market economy will solve the world’s problems seemed subdued. Most chastened of all were the bankers. Against the backdrop of the sub-prime crisis, the disasters at many financial institutions, and the weakening of the stock market, these “masters of the universe” seemed less omniscient than they did a short while ago. And it was not just the bankers who were in the Davos doghouse this year, but also their regulators – the central bankers.
Anyone who goes to international conferences is used to hearing Americans lecture everyone else about transparency. There was still some of that at Davos. I heard the usual suspects – including a former treasury secretary who had been particularly vociferous in such admonishments during the East Asia crisis – bang on about the need for transparency at sovereign wealth funds (though not at American or European hedge funds).
But this time, developing countries could not resist commenting on the hypocrisy of it all. There was even a touch of schadenfreude in the air about the problems the United States is having right now – though it was moderated, of course, by worries about the downturn’s impact on their own economies.
Had America really told others to bring in American banks to teach them about how to run their business? Had America really boasted about its superior risk management systems, going so far as to develop a new regulatory system (called Basle II)? Basle II is dead – at least until memories of the current disaster fade.
Bankers – and the rating agencies – believed in financial alchemy. They thought that financial innovations could somehow turn bad mortgages into good securities, meriting AAA ratings. But one lesson of modern finance theory is that, in well functioning financial markets, repackaging risks should not make much difference. If we know the price of cream and the price of skim milk, we can figure out the price of milk with 1% cream, 2% cream, or 4% cream. There might be some money in repackaging, but not the billions that banks made by slicing and dicing sub-prime mortgages into packages whose value was much greater than their contents.
It seemed too good to be true – and it was. Worse, banks failed to understand the first principle of risk management: diversification only works when risks are not correlated, and macro-shocks (such as those that affect housing prices or borrowers’ ability to repay) affect the probability of default for all mortgages.
I argued at Davos that central bankers also got it wrong by misjudging the threat of a downturn and failing to provide sufficient regulation. They waited too long to take action. Because it normally takes a year or more for the full effects of monetary policy to be felt, central banks need to act preemptively, not reactively.
Worse, the US Federal Reserve and its previous chairman, Alan Greenspan, may have helped create the problem, encouraging households to take on risky variable-rate mortgages by reassuring those who worried about a housing bubble that there was at most a little “froth” in the market. Normally, a Davos audience would rally to the support of the central bankers. This time, a vote at the end of the session supported my view by a margin of three to one.
Even the plea of one of central banker that “no one could have predicted the problems” moved few in the audience – perhaps because several people sitting there had, like me, explicitly warned about the impending problem in previous years. The only thing we got wrong was how bad banks’ lending practices were, how non-transparent banks really were, and how inadequate their risk management systems were.
It was interesting to see the different cultural attitudes to the crisis on display. In Japan, the CEO of a major bank would have apologized to his employees and his country, and would have refused his pension and bonus so that those who suffered as a result of corporate failures could share the money. He would have resigned. In America, the only questions are whether a board will force a CEO to leave and, if so, how big his severance package will be. When I asked one CEO whether there was any discussion of returning their bonuses, the response was not just no, but an aggressive defense of the bonus system.
This is the third US crisis in the past 20 years, after the Savings & Loan crisis of 1989 and the Enron/WorldCom crisis in 2002. Deregulation has not worked. Unfettered markets may produce big bonuses for CEO’s, but they do not lead, as if by an invisible hand, to societal well-being. Until we achieve a better balance between markets and government, the world will continue to pay a high price.
Joseph E. Stiglitz,
who won the Nobel Prize in 2001 for his work on the economics of information, was Chairman of President Clinton’s Council of Economic Advisers and is Professor of Economics at Columbia University. He is the author, with Linda Bilmes, of The Three Trillion Dollar War: The True Costs of the Iraq Conflict.
Labels: ECONOMY
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